Here is a list of 100 commonly used Linux commands:
- ls – list directory contents
- cd – change the current working directory
- pwd – print the current working directory
- mkdir – make a new directory
- touch – create a new file
- rm – remove a file
- rmdir – remove an empty directory
- cp – copy files or directories
- mv – move or rename files and directories
- cat – concatenate and display files
- less – view the contents of a file page by page
- head – display the first few lines of a file
- tail – display the last few lines of a file
- grep – search for a pattern in a file or output
- find – search for files and directories
- tar – create and extract compressed archives
- gzip – compress files
- gunzip – uncompress files
- chmod – change the permissions of a file or directory
- chown – change the ownership of a file or directory
- ps – display information about running processes
- top – display real-time system resource usage
- kill – send a signal to a process to terminate it
- ping – test network connectivity
- ifconfig – display network interface configuration
- netstat – display network connections and statistics
- route – display and modify the routing table
- scp – copy files securely over a network
- ssh – connect to a remote server securely
- rsync – synchronize files between directories or systems
- mount – mount a file system
- umount – unmount a file system
- du – display disk usage of files and directories
- df – display free disk space
- free – display free memory
- uptime – display how long the system has been running
- who – display logged in users
- useradd – add a new user account
- passwd – change user passwords
- su – switch to a different user account
- sudo – execute a command with elevated privileges
- tar – create and extract compressed archives
- unzip – extract compressed archives
- which – display the location of an executable
- man – display the manual for a command
- history – display command history
- clear – clear the terminal screen
- echo – display a message
- tee – write output to a file and the terminal
- date – display or set the system date and time
- sleep – suspend execution for a specified time
- xargs – execute a command with arguments from standard input
- sed – stream editor for filtering and transforming text
- awk – pattern scanning and processing language
- cut – extract fields or columns from a file
- diff – display differences between two files
- patch – apply a patch to a file
- tailf – follow the end of a log file in real-time
- tee – write output to a file and the terminal
- tar – create and extract compressed archives
- tr – translate or delete characters
- curl – transfer data from or to a server
- wget – download files from the internet
- lsof – list open files
- nc – listen to or send data over a network connection
- nmap – network exploration and security auditing tool
- tcpdump – capture and analyze network traffic
- iptables – manipulate firewall rules
- service – manage system services
- systemctl – control the systemd system and service manager
- journalctl – query and display logs from the systemd journal
- chroot – run a command or shell in a new root directory
- crontab – schedule a command or script to run at specified intervals
- at – execute a command at a specified time
- screen – multiplex a terminal session
- tmux – terminal multiplexer with advanced features
- ncdu – visualize disk usage
- htop – interactive process viewer
- iotop – monitor I/O usage of processes
- lshw – list hardware configuration
- lspci – list PCI devices
- lsusb – list USB devices
- hwinfo – list hardware information
- uname – display system information
- hostname – display or set the hostname
- ifup – bring a network interface up
- ifdown – bring a network interface down
- iptables – manipulate firewall rules
- tcpdump – capture and analyze network traffic
- nmap – network exploration and security auditing tool
- ping6 – test network connectivity over IPv6
- ssh-keygen – generate SSH keys for secure authentication
- ssh-copy-id – copy SSH keys to a remote host for passwordless authentication
- dig – query DNS information
- nslookup – query DNS information
- route – display and modify the routing table
- traceroute – trace the path packets take across a network
- route add – add a route to the routing table
- route delete – delete a route from the routing table
- route flush – remove all routes from the routing table
Note: The availability of some commands may depend on the Linux distribution and version being used.