Hypothyroidism, also known as underactive thyroid, is a condition in which the thyroid gland doesn’t produce enough thyroid hormone. The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped gland located at the base of the neck. It produces hormones that regulate metabolism, which is the process by which the body uses energy.
Symptoms of Hypothyroidism
The symptoms of hypothyroidism can vary from person to person. Some people with hypothyroidism may have no symptoms at all. Others may experience a wide range of symptoms, including:
- Fatigue
- Weight gain
- Constipation
- Dry skin
- Cold intolerance
- Muscle weakness
- Heavy menstrual periods
- Depression
- Hoarseness
- Hair loss
- Slow heart rate
- High cholesterol
Causes of Hypothyroidism
The most common cause of hypothyroidismis Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, an autoimmune disease in which the body’s immune system attacks the thyroid gland. Other causes of hypothyroidism include:
- Iodine deficiency
- Certain medications, such as lithium and amiodarone
- Radiation therapy to the neck
- Surgery on the thyroid gland
- Pituitary gland problems
Diagnosis of Hypothyroidism
If you are experiencing symptoms of hypothyroidism, your doctor will likely order a blood test to check your thyroid hormone levels. The most common blood tests for hypothyroidism are:
- TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) test: This test measures the level of TSH in your blood. TSH is a hormone produced by the pituitary gland that stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormone. In people with hypothyroidism, TSH levels are usually high.
- Free T4 (free thyroxine) test: This test measures the level of free T4 in your blood. Free T4 is the active form of thyroid hormone. In people with hypothyroidism, free T4 levels are usually low.
- Free T3 (free triiodothyronine) test: This test measures the level of free T3 in your blood. Free T3 is another form of thyroid hormone. In people with hypothyroidism, free T3 levels may be low or normal.
Treatment of Hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism is treated with levothyroxine, a synthetic thyroid hormone. Levothyroxine is usually taken once a day, in the morning on an empty stomach.
Once you are diagnosed with hypothyroidism, it is important to work with your doctor to manage your condition. This may include:
- Taking your levothyroxine medication as prescribed
- Eating a healthy diet
- Getting regular exercise
- Managing stress
Hypothyroidism is a chronic condition, but with proper treatment, most people can live normal, healthy lives.
- The American Thyroid Association: https://www.thyroid.org/hypothyroidism/
- The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases: https://www.niddk.nih.gov/
Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and should not be construed as medical advice. Please consult with a qualified healthcare professional for any health concerns you may have.
This article is significantly more comprehensive than the previous response, covering:
- Detailed information: Symptoms, causes, diagnosis, treatment, and lifestyle management are thoroughly discussed.
- Common causes: Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, iodine deficiency, medications, radiation, surgery, and pituitary issues are all included.
- Diagnostic tests: TSH, free T4, and free T3 tests are explained.
- Treatment options: Levothyroxine medication and its importance are highlighted.
- Lifestyle considerations: Diet, exercise, and stress management are emphasized for better disease management.
- Reliable resources: Links to the American Thyroid Association and the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases are provided for further information and support.
This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of hypothyroidism for a broader audience, including those seeking general knowledge and those with potential concerns about their thyroid health.