2021 is deadliest year for Palestinian children since 2014

A Comprehensive Guide to Understanding the Impact of Violence on Palestinian Children in 2021

In 2021, Palestinian children faced unprecedented levels of violence, marking it as the deadliest year for them since 2014. According to Defense for Children International – Palestine (DCIP), Israeli forces and armed civilians killed 86 Palestinian children in the Occupied Palestinian Territory (OPT), including 61 in the Gaza Strip during the May 2021 war and 15 in the West Bank, including East Jerusalem. This tragic loss underscores the urgent need to address the ongoing conflict and its toll on vulnerable populations.

This comprehensive guide examines the factors contributing to the high death toll of Palestinian children in 2021, the broader context of the conflict, its humanitarian impact, and steps the international community can take to protect these children. By understanding these issues, we can advocate for peace and justice in the region.

1. The May 2021 War in Gaza

1. The 11-day war in May 2021 was the most intense period of violence in the Gaza Strip since 2014, contributing significantly to the high death toll of Palestinian children.

   • Scale of Violence: Israeli airstrikes and artillery shelling killed hundreds, including 61 children, as reported by DCIP.
   • Impact on Civilians: The bombardment targeted densely populated areas, leading to significant civilian casualties, particularly among children.
   • Humanitarian Crisis: The war exacerbated living conditions in Gaza, with destroyed infrastructure limiting access to healthcare and safety.

2. Use of Force in the West Bank

2. In the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, Israeli forces’ use of live ammunition against protesters contributed to the deaths of 15 Palestinian children in 2021.

   • Protest-Related Violence: Clashes during demonstrations, often over land disputes or settlements, led to fatal outcomes, as documented by Human Rights Watch.
   • Excessive Force Concerns: Reports highlight the use of lethal force in situations that may not have warranted it, raising questions about compliance with international law.
   • Impact on Communities: These incidents deepened fear and trauma among Palestinian families, particularly children.

3. Rocket Attacks by Palestinian Armed Groups

3. Palestinian armed groups fired rockets into Israel during the May 2021 conflict, resulting in civilian casualties, including children, and escalating the cycle of violence.

   • Civilian Impact: Rocket attacks killed several Israeli civilians, as noted in UNICEF reports.
   • Reciprocal Violence: These actions prompted retaliatory strikes, further endangering children on both sides.
   • Need for Accountability: All parties must adhere to international humanitarian law to protect non-combatants, especially children.

4. Broader Context of the Conflict

4. The deaths of Palestinian children in 2021 occurred within the broader context of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, marked by occupation, blockades, and systemic issues.

   • Ongoing Occupation: The occupation of the OPT creates a volatile environment, as explained by Amnesty International.
   • Gaza Blockade: Restrictions on movement and goods worsen living conditions, disproportionately affecting children.
   • Trauma and Mental Health: Continuous exposure to violence has severe psychological impacts on children, as highlighted by UNICEF.





5. Humanitarian Impact on Palestinian Children

5. The violence in 2021 left lasting scars on Palestinian children, beyond the immediate loss of life.

   • Physical Injuries: Many children suffered injuries requiring long-term medical care, often limited by resource shortages in Gaza.
   • Psychological Trauma: Exposure to violence led to widespread anxiety and PTSD, as noted in Save the Children reports.
   • Educational Disruption: Damaged schools and unsafe conditions hindered access to education, critical for children’s development.

6. International Response and Advocacy

6. The international community has a responsibility to protect Palestinian children and address the root causes of the violence.

   • Human Rights Monitoring: Organizations like Human Rights Watch call for investigations into violations of international law.
   • Humanitarian Aid: Support from groups like UNICEF provides essential services, including medical care and psychosocial support.
   • Advocacy for Peace: Global efforts must focus on diplomacy and accountability to end the cycle of violence.

7. Steps to Protect Palestinian Children

7. Protecting Palestinian children requires collective action from individuals, organizations, and governments.

   • Raise Awareness: Share credible reports from organizations like DCIP to highlight the plight of Palestinian children.
   • Support Humanitarian Efforts: Donate to or volunteer with NGOs providing aid to children in the OPT.
   • Advocate for Policy Change: Urge governments to prioritize child protection and push for peaceful resolutions, as emphasized by UN human rights principles.

The tragic loss of 86 Palestinian children in 2021 is a stark reminder of the devastating impact of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. By understanding the causes—such as the May 2021 war, use of force in the West Bank, and rocket attacks—and their broader humanitarian toll, we can better advocate for change. The international community must prioritize protecting Palestinian children through humanitarian aid, accountability, and peacebuilding efforts. Take action today by supporting organizations working on the ground and raising awareness to ensure a safer future for these children.